• Home
  • About
  • Get in Touch
  • Costume History & Fashion Legends [Essays in English]
  • Žurnāls (modes vēsturnieka piezīmes, jaunumi, dažādas tēmas un stāsti. Arhīvs)
  • Kostīmu vēstures leģendas (senāki laiki)

The Little Black Dress "That All The World Will Wear"

6/9/2018

3 Comments

 
John Singer Sargent. Madame X. 1883-1884.
John Singer Sargent. Madame X. 1883–1884. Location: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Image: Wikimedia Commons
Click Here To Read More:

As stated in the title of this article, the US Vogue magazine in October 1926, described THE LITTLE BLACK DRESS as 'The Chanel "Ford", the frock that all the world will wear', because its mass appeal competed that of the Ford Model T car... Since then the little black dress entered the fashion lexicon as a fail-safe, versatile and timeless garment which became as one of the wardrobe's essential. 

But why black and why it became a legend? The context of the era, of course, played a role, but let's look at the time before the 20th century, as well - let's look at the time after 1926! What does it reveal to us?


Black has always been a meaningful color rich in symbolism. Already since the early 18th century, black color in clothing represented romance and artistry. And here too, one can quote Ann Demeulemeester, one of the 21st century representative of fashion deconstruction, saying that, "Black is poetic. How do you imagine a poet? In a bright yellow jacket? Probably not." [ 5.] 

And let's remember that exactly in the 20th century, with Coco Chanel, the little black dress became a festive dress. During 1920's Coco designed a quintessential and iconic garment that democratized elegance. Looking back at her accomplishments, we can see that Coco Chanel had previously introduced black dresses, from as early as 1913. Although the severe refined cut of the chemise-style dress of the 1920's lent itself to the dramatic geometric patterning of an era in thrall to the motifs of Art Deco. [1.]

While some researchers do not point to Coco as inventor of the little black dress, but they say, that claim has found its way into fashion mythology. And yet we can assume that she has activated it as a fashion statement and greatly influenced the status of the little black dress as a classic fashion item. In the same 1926 she introduced a simple black jersey day dress that strengthened the position of black as a fashion color in the 20th century. Besides, this was the real beginning of the legendary little black dress.

Since then the little black dress was translated to ready-to-wear as a staple of late afternoon and cocktail hours.  Black had been used for formal and semi-formal occasions in preceding decades. The little black dress became a minimalist canvas for day, cocktail, and evening accessories, including hats, gloves, pocketbooks, and above all else, costume jewelry. As the silhouette of the little black dress evolved to
accommodate the fashionable shape of each consecutive decade, it became more of a social institution than a design. [7.] 

The Little Black Dress Before 1926 


​Since Medieval times Wearing black clothing has often taken on a social significance. During the Middle Ages, wealthy people wore black velvet clothes to display status as black dyes were expensive. Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good (1396 - 1467) made black for the color of the court dress. His court was regarded as the most splendid in Europe, and it became the accepted leader of taste and fashion, which probably helped the Burgundian economy considerably, as Burgundian (usually Flemish) luxury products became sought by the elites of other parts of Europe. 

By the eighteenth century black clothing was considered respectable, even dowdy, as it was associated with mourning and the dress of the clergy. Black was revived as the color of elegance, especially for men, by the dandies of the early nineteenth century.

In the early 19th century, black was adopted by the poets and artists of the Romantic era. Romantics such as Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats, due to melancholic aura of the color black. 

Victorian Era reintroduced the color black again. Black transitions from a color of art to one of grief and mourning - widows were expected to wear black for at least four years - and also for service livery, as the uniform for maids. 

​Victorian Era was also a time of vivid colors. The introduction of aniline dyes later in the 19th century created a new vogue for bright colors for fashionable women's clothing. The black clothing for women signified mourning, or was a badge of middle-class respectability. When fashionable women did wear black it was to make a statement. One of the most memorable, if controversial, examples of this was John Singer Sargent's 1884 portrait of "Madame X," Virginie Gautreau, dressed in a form-fitting black evening gown. Conventional portraiture employed colorful frilly, even demure dress that all but obscured the subject. That Mme. Gautreau, a socialite of the day whose improprieties were hardly secret, appeared in a seductively form-fitting black gown with deep décolletage was quite a departure, underscoring the subject's decision to play by a different set of rules. [9.]
​

​In the early 1900's, black "widow's weeds" were still being sold in department stores, but black was beginning to make appearances on other occasions as well. Paul Poiret made vivid colors fashionable between 1908 and 1914. Chanel claimed to be "nauseated" by Poiret's colors and favored instead black, beige, and navy blue. Her 1926 showing of the little black dress was a milestone in the creation of this fashion icon. In the meantime, the House of Premet had already had a great success with a (little) black dress (!).  It had its sad reason because of the terrible death toll in World War I had resulted in a plethora of fashionable black dresses.[9.]
​

Iconic & Timeless - The Little Black Dress After 1926


​At once demure and daring, the little black dress conjures up a host of images and associations. Consistently a symbol of elegance and chic, it is an international fashion icon capable of being interpreted in myriad different styles. Since the late 1920's, some of the world's most elegant women have been photographed wearing a the little black dress.[ 9.] 

​
The little black dress continued to be popular during 1930's and through the Great Depression. Hollywood's influence helped the little black dress's popularity, but for more practical reasons.  When technicolor films became more common, filmmakers relied on little black dresses because other colors looked distorted on screen and botched the coloring process. During World War II, the style continued in part due to widespread rationing of textiles, and in part as a common uniform for civilian women entering the workforce.

​During the 1950's post-war era with the rise of Dior's The New Look, the little black dress returned to its roots as a uniform and a symbol of the dangerous woman. Hollywood's femme fatales and fallen women characters were portrayed in black halter-neck style dresses in contrast to the conservative dresses worn by housewives.

The generation gap of the 1960's created a dichotomy in the design of the little black dress. Many women aspired to simple black sheath dresses similar to the famous black dress by Givenchy worn by Audrey Hepburn in the film "Breakfast at Tiffany's". 


The popularity of casual fabrics, especially knits, for dress and business wear during the 1980's brought the little black dress back into fashion statement. The grunge culture of the 1990's showed the combination of the little black dress with both sandals and military style or combat boots. At the same time, the little black dress remained plain and simple. 

​The new glamour of the late 1990's led to new variations of the dress. The resurgence of body conscious clothing, muted color schemes, and the reemergence of predominant black, along with the retrospective trends of the 1980's in the late 2000's paved way to the return of interest to the timeless little black dress.
www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2016/how-madame-x-came-to-the-met
​References & Further Reading: 
​
1. Fashion - the whole story. (general editor: Marnie Fogg). - Thames & Hudson, 2013
2.Ludot, Didier. The Little Black Dress: Vintage Treasure. New York: Assouline Publishing, 2001.
​3. MacDonell Smith, Nancy. The Classic Ten: The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.
4. Mendes, Valerie. Dressed in Black. - London and New York: V & A Publications in association with Harry N. Abrams, 1999.
5. Steele, Valerie. The Black Dress. - Harper Collins Publishers, New York, 2007.
6.bellatory.com/fashion industry/FashionHistoryMourningDressBlackClothingWornDuringBereavement
7. www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/83616
8. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_black_dress
​9.fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/clothing-types-styles/little-black-dress
10. www.eonline.com/news/669393/a-brief-history-of-the-little-black-dress-from-coco-chanel-to-posh-spice-and-taylor-swift 
​11.www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2016/how-madame-x-came-to-the-met
Picture

You May Also Like: 

3 Comments
Marie
4/4/2020 04:23:11 am

I don't have the details handy, but I believe the story about John Singer Sargent's 1884 portrait of "Madame X," Virginie Gautreau, is even more intriguing. I heard he originally painted Madame X with one strap that had casually fallen down. It was considered too risque... So he had to repaint the strap up on her shoulder, instead of provocatively loose, as if ready to shed the entire dress!

in a form-fitting black evening gown. Conventional portraiture employed colorful frilly, even demure dress that all but obscured the subject. That Mme. Gautreau,

Reply
Marie
4/4/2020 04:33:12 am

I found an article that describes the original portrait of Madame X and the scandal it caused with the provocative strap falling off of her shoulder! Even Madame X herself and her mother both begged Sargent to remove the painting from the exhibition it was entered into.

If you can't read the URL address, just Google Metropolitan Museum "How Madame x Came to the Met."

https://www.metmuseum.org/blogs/now-at-the-met/2016/how-madame-x-came-to-the-met

Reply
FashionologiaHistoriana link
4/11/2020 02:23:15 pm

Thank you very much for this addition to the story, Marie!
I will add this link to references & further reading list.

Reply

Your comment will be posted after it is approved.


Leave a Reply.

    Other Stories In This Section

    Archives

    January 2021
    December 2020
    August 2020
    May 2020
    April 2020
    February 2020
    December 2019
    November 2019
    October 2019
    September 2019
    August 2019
    July 2019
    June 2019
    May 2019
    April 2019
    March 2019
    February 2019
    January 2019
    December 2018
    November 2018
    October 2018
    September 2018
    August 2018
    July 2018
    June 2018
    May 2018
    April 2018
    March 2018
    February 2018
    January 2018
    December 2017
    November 2017
    October 2017
    September 2017
    August 2017
    July 2017
    June 2017

    Categories

    All
    16th Century Fashion
    1780s Fashion
    17th Century Jewelry
    17th Century Rings
    1860s Era Of Fashion
    1870's Fashion
    1889
    18th Century Breeches
    18th Century Costume
    18th Century Fashion
    18th Century Hairstyles
    18th Century Jewelry
    18th Century Menswear
    18th Century Rings
    1900s Fashion
    1920s Fashion
    1950s Fashion
    19th Century Fashion
    19th Century Menswear
    19th Century Milliners
    20th Century Fashion Design
    20th Century Millinery
    Aesthetic Movement
    Aigrette
    Albert Lesage
    Alice Jopling
    A-Line
    Alternative Fashion
    Ambergris
    Ancient Bikini
    Ancient Braids
    Ancient Crete
    Ancient Egypt
    Ancient Greece
    Ancient Greek Art
    Ancient Hairpins
    Ancient Hairstyles
    Ancient Legends
    Ancient Milliners
    Ancient Revival Style
    Ancient Rings
    Anglomania
    Aniline Dyes
    Animal Prints
    Apkallu
    Applique Embroidery
    Aquascutum
    Aran Knitwear
    Aran Sweaters
    Archeology
    Arlecchino
    Art And Craft
    Art Deco Fashion
    Arthur Boy Capel
    Art Nouveau
    Art Nouveau Jewelry
    Art Nouveau Rings
    Art Nouveau Style
    Arts And Crafts Movement
    Asia Minor
    Audrey Hepburn
    Azurite
    Backenbart
    Balaclava
    Balenciaga
    Ball Gown
    Balmoral Cap
    Barbette
    Basket
    Basket Bag
    Bauta
    Beach Pyjamas
    Beard Fashion
    Beau Brummel
    Beau Brummell
    Beauty And The Beast
    Beetle Wings
    Beetle Wings Embroidery
    Bell Bottoms
    Belted Raincoat
    Benzoin
    Beret
    Bettina Blouse
    Bettina Graziani
    Bicorn Hat
    Bikini
    Bikini Girls
    Black
    Black As A Color Of Fashion
    Black As A Fashion Statement
    Black Attire
    Black Bile
    Black Clothing
    Black Dress
    Black Tie Dress Code
    Blazer
    Blue Denim
    Blue Dye
    Blue Jeans
    Bluestockings
    Boater Hat
    Boho Brides
    Bolinus Brandaris
    Bonnet
    Bonnette
    Border Tartan
    Botanical
    Botanical Jewelry
    Bouquet De Corsage
    Bouquet Holder
    Boutonniere
    Bowler Hat
    Braid
    Braided Hairstyles
    Breakfast At Tiffany's
    Breton Shirt
    Bridal Veil
    Brown
    Brown Clothing
    Brunswick Gown
    Bucket Bag
    Bum Roll
    Calamistrum
    Calash Bonnet
    Calathos
    Cannes 2017
    Cannes International Film Festival 2017
    Canotier
    Cap
    Cappucio
    Capsule Wardrobe
    Cardigan
    Carl Wilhelm Scheele
    Carmel Snow
    Carnival Masks
    Carole
    Caroline Reboux
    Castellani
    Cavalier Hat
    Cecil Beaton
    Chalk Stripes
    Chandelier Earrings
    Chanel
    Chanel Handbag
    Chanel No.5
    Chanel Suit
    Chapelet
    Chaperon
    Chaplet
    Charioteer Of Delphi
    Charles Baudelaire
    Charles Frederick Worth
    Charles Macintosh
    Checkerboard Pattern
    Check Pattern
    Cheetah Print
    Chessboard Pattern
    Chevalier Style Mustache
    Chintz
    Chiton
    Choker
    Choker Necklace
    Christian Dior
    Christmas Traditions
    Circle Dance
    Classic Pattern
    Cloche Hat
    Cluster Rings
    Coachella Flower Crowns
    Cochineal
    Coco Chanel
    Collier Du Chien
    Colombina
    Color Brown
    Color Green
    Color Orange
    Color Pink
    Color White
    Color Yellow
    Comma Heel
    Corde-style Hat
    Cornucopia
    Corolla
    Corolle Line
    Corona
    Corona Civica
    Corona Obsidionalis
    Corsage
    Corseted Bodice
    Costume Jewelry
    Court Dress
    Coverchief
    Crakows
    Cravat
    Crinoline Era
    Cristobal Balenciaga
    Crossed-loop Knitting
    Crotalia Earrings
    Cubist Sweaters
    Cuff Links
    Culottes
    Dandyism
    Dangling Earrings
    Decolletage
    Decollete
    Dog Collar
    Domino Costume
    Domino Mask
    Dormeuse
    Dress Code
    Dress History
    Druidism
    Duffel Cloth
    Duffle Coat
    Earrings
    East India Company
    Eco-friendly Fabrics
    Edwardian Fashion
    Edward Steichen
    Ellen Terry
    Elsa Schiaparelli
    Embroidery
    Embroidery House
    Emerald Green
    Emile Pingat
    Empress Sisi
    Ernest Beaux
    Escoffion
    Eugene Grasset
    Evening Dress
    Evening Jacket
    Faience Ring
    Fair Isle
    Fair Isle Sweaters
    Fairy-tale
    False Beard
    Farthingale
    Fascinator Hat
    Fashion Brand From Latvia
    Fashion Design In Latvia
    Fashion Engravings
    Fashion History
    Fashion Journalism
    Fashion Trendsetter
    Fede Ring
    Femme Fatale
    Festons
    Fillet
    Finger Rings
    First Corsets
    First Fashion Reviews
    Fishtail Braid
    Flamenco Dress
    Flammeum
    Floral
    Floral Cloth Pattern
    Floralia
    Floral Patterns
    Floral Print
    Flounces
    Flower Basket
    Flower Children
    Flower Crown
    Flower Power
    Forget-me-not
    Francisco José De Goya Y Lucientes
    Francois Lesage
    Francois Pinet
    Freedom Monument
    French Fashions Of 17th Century
    French Jewelry
    Frills
    Gabardine
    Gaelic Culture
    Gangster Suit
    Ganseys
    Garconne
    Garland
    Giardinetti Rings
    Gibus Hat
    Gimmel Rings
    Gingham
    Gingham Fabric
    Gingham Pattern
    Giraffe Print
    Girandole Earrings
    Glamour Style
    Goddess Flora
    Golden Diadem Of Troy
    Golden Jewellery
    Goth Fashion
    Grande Mademoiselle
    Grande Parure
    Grandes Cocottes
    Grand Habit
    Grass Crown
    Green
    Gugel
    Habit A L'anglaise
    Hair Accessories
    Hair Comb
    Hair Jewelry
    Half-crinoline
    Half-mask
    Hand Knitting
    Hans Christian Andersen
    Hat
    Hat With A Veil
    Haute Couture
    Headgear
    Heart Rings
    Heinrich Schliemann
    Helmut Newton
    Hennin
    Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec
    Henri Vever
    Hidden Treasures
    Highland Dress
    History Of Cloth Patterns
    History Of Color
    History Of Costume
    History Of Fashion
    History Of Footwear
    History Of Hairstyle
    History Of Handbag
    History Of Hat
    History Of Headgear
    History Of Jewelry
    History Of Medieval Shoes
    History Of Menswear
    History Of Purple Dye
    History Of Red
    History Of Rings
    History Of Ruffles In Dress
    History Of Shoe Design
    History Of Swimwear
    History Of Textile Patterns
    History Of The Color
    History Of The Stripes
    H-Line
    Homburg Hat
    Hood
    Hoodie
    Hoop Skirts
    Horseshoe Rings
    Houndstooh Check
    House Of Balenciaga
    House Of Dior
    House Of Givenchy
    House Of Worth
    Hubert De Givenchy
    Iliad By Homer
    Indienne
    Indigo
    Iniohos
    Innovative Shoe Design
    Intarsia Sweaters
    Iveta Vecmane
    Ivy League
    Jabot
    Jacobins
    Jacques Joseph Tissot
    Jaguar Print
    James Tissot
    Jāņi
    Japonisme
    Jean-Baptiste Colbert
    Jean Patou
    Jersey Costume
    Jewel-beetle
    Jewelry Hair Comb
    Jingling Earrings
    John-singer-sargent
    Jugendstil
    Jumper
    Kathleen Newton
    Kilt
    Kimono Coat
    Kissing-Bough
    Kissing Under The Mistletoe
    Knitted Fabric
    Knitted Garments
    Knitted Socks
    Knitted Stockings
    Knitting
    Knitting History
    Knitwear
    Knossos Palace
    Labdanum
    Lace Workshops
    Lady Macbeth
    Lapis Lazuli
    Latvian Fashion Brands
    Laura Selecka
    Laurel Wreath
    LBD
    Legends Of Troy
    Le Mercure Galant
    Léonard Autié
    Leopard Print
    Lesage
    Le Smoking
    Liberty Cap
    Līgo
    Lilacs
    Lillie Langtry
    Lily Of The Valley
    Lily Of The Valley Embroidery
    Liripipe
    Little Black Dress
    Lock Of Youth
    Lotus Blossom
    Louise Jopling
    Louis Reard
    Louis XIV
    Luxury Consumption
    Madame De Pompadour
    Maison Lesage
    Maison Vever
    Mantilla
    Mantua
    Mariano Fortuny
    Mariano Fortuny Y Madrazo
    Marie-Antoinette Hairstyle
    Marine Style
    Marlene Dietrich
    Mask
    Masquerades
    Matelot
    Mauve Color
    Mauveine
    Mechanical Knitting Machine
    Medieval Dance
    Medieval Dance Costumes
    Medieval Dances
    Medieval Dress
    Medieval Fashion
    Medieval Feast
    Medieval Life
    Medieval & Renaissance Goldsmiths
    Medieval Rings
    Medieval Shoes
    Melancholy
    Memento Mori Rings
    Michonet
    Midsummer
    Military Style Fashion
    Millinery
    Minoan Snake Goddess
    Mistletoe
    Moretta
    Morocco Leather
    Mourning Dress
    Mummy Brown
    Murex
    Musk
    Mustard Yellow
    Nalbindning
    Nankeen
    Nankeen Cloth
    Navy Blue
    Neo Classical Style
    Neo-classical Style
    Non-trend Fashion
    Norma Smallwood
    Nosegay
    Nostradamus
    Opera Coat
    Orange
    Orientalism
    Orientalism In Fashion
    Oriental Shoes
    Orpiment
    Out (film)
    Panniers
    Pantalone
    Paris Green
    Pastel
    Pattens
    Paul Poiret
    Perfume Cone
    Perfumery
    Petasos
    Petasus
    Philip Treacy
    Phoenicians
    Phrygian Cap
    Pigaches
    Pikes
    Pilgrim Pumps
    Pink
    Pinstripes
    Plaid
    Poesy Rings
    Pointed Shoes
    Poison Rings
    Polka Dot
    Polka Dot Pattern
    Polo Collar
    Polo Neck
    Polo Shirt
    Pomander
    Pomatum
    Pomme D'ambre
    Pomona
    Pom-pom Hat
    Porte Bouquet
    Portrait Of Tadea Arias De Enríquez
    Possamenterie
    Posy
    Pouf Hairstyle
    Poulaine
    Poulaines
    Preppy
    Preppy Dress
    Printed Cloths
    Promenade Boots
    Pullovers
    Purple
    Purple Dye
    Queen's Gambit
    Raincoat
    Rational Cosnsumption
    Realgar
    Red
    Red Carpet Event
    Red Dye
    Red Heels
    Redingote
    Red Ochre
    Red Pigments
    Renaissance Rings
    Rene Lalique
    Retro Style
    Riding Coat
    Rings
    Roaring Twenties
    Robe A La Francaise
    Robert Piguet
    Rockabilly Look
    Rococo Fashion
    Rococo Haistyles
    Roger Vivier
    Romano-Egyptian Burials
    Roots Of The Fashion Industry
    Rose Pompadour
    "rose Tablet"
    Roseus
    Rosy
    Royal Purple
    Ruff
    Ruffled Skirts
    Ruffles
    Saffron
    Scallops
    Scarab Rings
    Schweinfurt Green
    Scottish Clan Dress
    Scottish Tartan
    Scull Cap
    Sculptural Style
    Seal Rings
    Sentimental Rings
    Shoe Design
    Shoe Designer
    Shoe Maker
    Shoulder Bag
    Signet Rings
    Silk Cape
    Sillitoe Tartan
    Sir Arthur Evans
    Sisi's Stars
    Sleeve Buttons
    Smoking Cap
    Smoking Jacket
    Snake Goddess Figurines
    Snake Rings
    Sofia Lark
    Solana
    Spanish Farthingale
    Spanish Hoop Skirt
    Spanish Maja Costume
    Sporran
    Stage Costume
    Steeple Head-dress
    Stiletto Heel
    Stockings
    Stomacher
    Striped Cloth
    Striped Cloth Pattern
    Stripes
    Strophium
    Subligaculum
    Sumptuary Laws
    Sustainable Fashion
    Sweater Season
    Swedish Hat
    Symbolism And Meaning Of Tulip
    Symbolism In Art Nouveau Fashion
    Symbolism Of Colors
    Symbolism Of The Color Green
    Talented Company
    Tartan
    Tartan Cloth
    Tartan Pattern
    The Bustle
    The Cardigan Sweater
    The Civic Crown
    The Column Type Dress
    The Delphos Gown
    The Dinner Jacket
    The Egyptian Blue
    The Falkirk Tartan
    The Floral Language
    The History Of Knitting
    The Little Black Dress
    The Merry Widow Hat
    The Mistletoe
    The New Look
    The Origins Of Knitting
    The Pleated Skirt
    The Red Shoes
    The Shoulder Plaid
    Thigh-high Boots
    Thomas Burberry
    Tiger Print
    Tight Lacing
    Timeless Fashion
    Toga Virilis
    Toggle Fastening
    Toggles
    Tontillo
    Top Hat
    Tournure
    Travis Banton
    Treasures Of Helen Of Troy
    Treasures Of King Priam
    Trenchcoat
    Tricorne
    Tricorn Hat
    Trilby Hat
    Trojan War
    Trompe-l'oeil
    Tulip
    Tulipan
    Tulipes Hollandaises
    Tulip Mania
    Turkey Red
    Tussie-mussie
    Tussie-mussies
    Tuxedo
    Tyrian Purple
    Ultramarine
    Ultra-Violet
    Uncertain Regard
    Valentino Red
    Veil
    Veiled
    Veiled Dancer
    Victorian Fashion
    Victorian Rings
    Villa Romana Del Casale
    Vintage Fashion
    Violet
    Visard Mask
    Vita Radziņa
    Vivienne Westwood
    Volto
    Waistcoat
    Walking Boots Of The 19th Century
    Wardrobe Essential
    Wasp Waist
    Watch-ring
    Waterproof Materials
    Wedding Rings
    Wedgwood Jasperware Rings
    Wheel Hoop Skirts
    White
    White Bridal Dress
    White Clothing
    White Collar And Cuffs
    White Dress
    White Tie Dress Code
    Widow's Weeds
    Wilhelm Lucas Von Cranach
    William Henry Perkin
    William Lee
    William Morris
    Woad
    Wooden Clogs
    Wreath
    Xmas Traditions
    Xystis
    Yellow
    Yellow Gold
    Yellow Journalism
    Yellow Nankeen
    Yellow Pigment
    Y-Line
    Yves Saint Laurent
    Zebra Print
     1960s Fashion

    RSS Feed

Picture
Copyright © Edīte Parute and Fashionologia Historiana, 2021
  • Home
  • About
  • Get in Touch
  • Costume History & Fashion Legends [Essays in English]
  • Žurnāls (modes vēsturnieka piezīmes, jaunumi, dažādas tēmas un stāsti. Arhīvs)
  • Kostīmu vēstures leģendas (senāki laiki)